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The countries below contain a historic archive of information on the state of the internet that is now three years old. For some countries, the information has remained largely the same whereas for others considerable change has occurred. However it can still be used to identify organisations involved in developing the internet and to understand the historic development of the Internet in Africa. For up-to-date (but "pay-for") information click here: There are special rates for students and universities.

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This is an area where you can download longer articles and reports of interest. These will be updated as new material becomes available.

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(Word format, 875kb)
This IDRC-supported research study looks at how complaints by African consumers in the telecoms and Internet sectors are dealt with and what input consumer organisations are able to make into policy for these sectors. It is based on a survey of 30 African countries and includes detailed case studies of Kenya, Senegal and South Africa.

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This chapter from the ITU's Global Trends in Telecommunications Reform 2005 examines the market and regulatory implications of the shift to IP networks and outlines the different types of responses regulators are making to VoIP calling.

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(pdf format, 310kb)
Leslie Chan, Barbara Kirsop, Subbiah Arunachalam look at the use of Open Access archiving as a way of improving scientific capacity building.

If you have updates or interesting material to add, please send it to info@balancingact-africa.com

ALGERIA ANGOLA BENIN BOTSWANA BURKINA FASO BURUNDI CAMEROON CAPE VERDE CENTRAL AFRICAN REPUBLIC CHAD COMOROS CONGO COTE D'IVOIRE DEMOCRATIC REPUBLIC OF CONGO DJIBOUTI EGYPT EQUATORIAL GUINEA ERITREA ETHIOPIA GABON GAMBIA GHANA GUINEA GUINEA-BISSAU KENYA LESOTHO LIBERIA LIBYAN ARAB JAMAHIRIYA MADAGASCAR MALAWI MALI MAURITANIA MAURITIUS MOROCCO MOZAMBIQUE NAMIBIA NIGER NIGERIA REUNION RWANDA SAO TOME & PRINCIPE SENEGAL SEYCHELLES SIERRA LEONE SOMALIA SOUTH AFRICA SUDAN SWAZILAND TOGO TUNISIA UGANDA UNITED REP OF TANZANIA ZAMBIA ZIMBABWE

Setting interconnection prices in Africa

1. Summary

2. Setting interconnection rates – the theory
2.1 Why interconnection rates matter
2.2 Interconnection models
2.3 Symmetrical or asymmetric interconnection pricing?

3. Setting interconnection rates - the practice
3.1 The case study countries
3.2 Ghana
3.3 Kenya
3.4 South Africa
3.5 Tanzania
3.6 Conclusions from the case studies

4. Where next?
4.1 Population and economic growth
4.2 Fixed networks
4.3 Interconnection between fixed networks – key issues
4.4 Mobile networks
4.5 Mobile to mobile interconnection - key issues
4.6 Regulatory futures

5. Strategies and tactics for setting interconnection rates in Africa
5.1 Objectives
5.2 Investment
5.3 Affordability
5.4 The regulation of interconnection
5.5 Tactics for setting interconnection rates

Appendix 1: Capacity based interconnection
A1.1 Colombia
A1.2 Spain

Appendix 2: Interconnection rates for revenue sharing and freephone services
A2.1 The principles
A2.2 Interconnection arrangements
A2.3 Conclusions

Appendix 3: Footnotes

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This page last updated on January 18 2006.

Setting interconnection prices in Africa

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